EEE 2012: The Role of Global Climate Change in the Extreme Low Summer Arctic Sea Ice Extent in 2012

Main findings:

The observed 2012 record low in Arctic sea ice extent is extremely unlikely to have occurred due to internal climate variability alone, according to the models, i.e., and has a much greater likelihood of occurrence in the “forced plus internal variability” scenario. The 2012 anomaly is significantly stronger than the multimodel’s mean response to both anthropogenic and natural forcing combined.

Full report:

EEE 2012: Explaining Extreme Events of 2012 from a Climate Perspective