Klaus Wolter, Jon K. Eischeid, Xiao-Wei Quan, and Thomas N. Chase

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Published date March 14, 2016

EEE 2014: How Unusual was the Cold Winter of 2013/14 in the Upper Midwest?

Main finding:

The frigid 2013/14 Midwestern winter was 20–100 times less likely than in the 1880s due to long-term warming, while winter temperature variability has shown little long-term change.


Longer report:

EEE 2014 = Explaining Extreme Events of 2014 from a Climate Perspective

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