- States that US surface O3 responds to varying global-to-regional precursor emissions, climate, and extreme weather
- Examines these conjoined processes with observations and global chemistry-climate model (GFDL-AM3) hindcasts over 1980–2014
- Finds that Asian NOx emissions have tripled since 1990, contributing as much as 65% to modeled springtime background O3 increases (0.3–0.5ppbyr−1) over the WUS, outpacing O3 decreases attained via 50% US NOx emission controls
- Finds that without emission controls, the 95th percentile summertime O3 in the EUS would have increased by 0.2–0.4ppbyr−1 over 1988–2014 due to more frequent hot extremes and rising biogenic isoprene emissions
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