- Summarizes the Institute of Atmospheric Physics' (IAP's) observation-based ocean temperature analysis from the sea surface down to a depth of 2000 m, available from the year 1940
- States that the analysis includes:
- All the available in-situ ocean observations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Centers for Environmental Information
- The Argo network's observations with near-global ocean coverage
- Reports that:
- 2017 was the warmest year on record for the global ocean
- The last five years have been the five warmest years in the ocean
- The oceans in the upper 2000 m were 1.51 × 1022 joules warmer than the second-warmest year of 2015 and 19.19×1022 joules above the 1981–2010 climatological reference period
- For comparison, total electricity generation in China in 2016 was 0.00216 × 1022 joules, which is 699 times smaller than the increase in ocean heat in 2017
- The year 2016 was cooler than both 2015 and 2017 owing to the huge El Niño, which took some of the heat out of the ocean
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